Crystals and Oscillators

Crystals and oscillators are fundamental components that generate precise frequency and timing signals in electronic circuits. From microcontroller clock inputs to RF carrier sources, they play a critical role in almost every digital and analog system. In this category, you'll find a wide range of products including quartz crystals, compact oscillator modules, temperature-compensated TCXOs, and oven-controlled OCXOs.

Types of Crystals and Oscillators

• Quartz Crystals: Low-cost, basic frequency sources that require external capacitors and a driving circuit. The most common types are 32.768 kHz watch crystals and MHz-range series-resonant crystals.
• Crystal Oscillators (XO): Self-contained clock sources with integrated oscillator circuitry, offered in the same package. Available with CMOS or TTL outputs for direct use.
• TCXO (Temperature Compensated Oscillator): Models with low frequency drift over temperature changes. Preferred in sensitive applications such as GPS receivers and mobile communication base stations.
• OCXO (Oven Controlled Oscillator): Modules that keep the crystal at a constant temperature to achieve ppb-level stability. Used in metrology, frequency references, and telecom infrastructure.
• VCXO (Voltage Controlled Oscillator): Oscillators whose frequency can be precisely adjusted via an external control voltage. They provide fine tuning in phase-locked loop (PLL) circuits.
• MEMS Oscillators: Silicon micromachined alternatives offering high shock and vibration resistance.

Selection Considerations

When choosing the right crystal or oscillator for your project, keep these parameters in mind:

• Frequency: The exact value required by your circuit (e.g., 8 MHz, 16 MHz, 25 MHz).
• Frequency Tolerance and Stability: Initial deviation (e.g., ±20 ppm, ±50 ppm) and stability over temperature (ppm/°C).
• Load Capacitance (CL): The external capacitance value needed for correct crystal operation; typically 12.5 pF, 18 pF, or 20 pF.
• Package Type: Through-hole cans like HC-49S or surface‑mount sizes such as 5x3.2 mm, 2.5x2.0 mm.
• Output Waveform: CMOS, LVDS, or clipped sine for oscillator modules.
• Operating Temperature Range: Industrial (-40°C to +85°C) or extended ranges.
• Supply Voltage: Options like 1.8V, 2.5V, 3.3V, or 5V for oscillator modules.

Making the right choice is essential for stable circuit operation and avoiding timing errors. In high-speed interfaces and RF designs, evaluating phase noise and jitter performance is also critical. Browse our catalog with detailed datasheets to easily identify the best component for your needs.